【建筑靈感手冊】從海平面到天際線：西雅圖和普吉特灣的十大文化建筑
——探索太平洋西北地區的“西北風格”“西北現代風格”建筑
From Sea to Sky: 10 Significant Cultural Projects in Seattle and Puget Sound——Whether you call it “Northwest Regional” or “Northwest Modern,” discover what the architecture of the Pacific Northwest is all about.

由專筑網王雪純，小R編譯

建筑根植于材料、歷史和人民。在美國西北部太平洋地區，地方性建筑傳統使其特征更加顯著。這些構筑物有著“西北”或“西北現代”風格，反映了各種項目類型的多樣化景觀和建筑技術，在總體上呈現為一種與地方性深深相連的建筑體系。

西北建筑有許多明顯特征。比如廣泛使用未粉刷的木材和玻璃、極簡裝飾、通過不對稱的平面布局和低屋頂以及突出的屋檐與場地融合。人們對工藝和細節的把握，以及對視角和規模的理解，都得到了充分的體現。讓我們把視野聚焦于西雅圖和普吉特海灣，來鑒賞以下具有設計代表性的西北地區文化項目。雖然這些案例具有相似的特點，但每一個作品似乎都在重新定義如今的地方建筑。

Architecture is rooted in materials, history and people. In the Pacific Northwest, building traditions are so closely tied to place that they have their own distinct features. Dubbed the “Northwest Regional” or “Northwest Modern” style, these structures reflect diverse landscapes and construction techniques across project types. The sum is a body of architecture deeply tied to its context.
Northwest Regional buildings have many defining features. They often include the extensive use of unpainted wood and glass, minimal decoration, site integration through asymmetrical floor plans and low roofs with overhanging eaves. There’s an appreciation for craft and detailing, as well as an understanding of views and scale. Zeroing in on Seattle and Puget Sound, the following projects highlight Northwest Regional design through cultural projects. While they share similar features, they each look to redefine what it means to build an architecture of place today.


太空針塔世紀項目

·設計師：Olson Kundig
·項目地點：美國，華盛頓州，西雅圖

The Century Project for the Space Needle
By Olson Kundig, Seattle, WA, United States





太空針塔最初為1962年世界博覽會所建，早已成為太平洋西北地區的國際性象征和西雅圖的標志。在其成立55年之際，太空針塔開啟了“世紀項目”，這是一項重大的舉措，期望為未來50年創造新的游客體驗，從而保留下這座地標的遺產價值。地標塔的改造中，最重要的是展示原始結構的獨創性，首次向公眾展示了旋轉樓層的機械結構等結構部件。

Olson Kundig工作室在設計主管Alan Maskin的領導下設計了太空針塔的新觀景臺和餐廳，以最初塑造太空針塔的相同概念“觀察的地方”為基礎。新設計方案包括世界上第一個位于餐廳層的旋轉玻璃地板、觀景臺上的落地玻璃隔墻和一體式玻璃長凳、連接三層樓的鋼材玻璃樓梯，也重新設計了整個“針塔頂層”的室內空間。

Originally built for the 1962 World’s Fair, the Space Needle has become an international icon of the Pacific Northwest and a symbol of Seattle. In its 55th year, the Space Needle underwent the Century Project, a significant redesign to preserve the landmark’s legacy by creating a new visitor experience for the next 50 years. The transformation of the landmark tower is focused on revealing the ingenuity of the original structure, parts of which, including the mechanics of the revolving floor, are made visible for the first time.
Olson Kundig’s design of the Space Needle’s new observation deck and restaurant was led by Design Principal Alan Maskin and builds on the same conceptual premise that originally informed the Space Needle – a place devoted to observation. The new design includes the world’s first rotating glass floor on the restaurant level, floor-to-ceiling glass barriers with integral glass benches on the observation deck, a new steel and glass stairway with a glass-floored oculus connecting all three floors, and revised interiors throughout the “top house” of the Needle.


西北鐵路檔案博物館

·設計師：Signal Architecture + Research， The Miller Hull Partnership
·地點：美國，華盛頓州，斯諾夸爾米

Northwest Railway Museum Archives
By Signal Architecture + Research and The Miller Hull Partnership, Snoqualmie, WA, United States





新建西北鐵路檔案博物館用鐵軌展示了人民、文化和歷史的統一面貌。建筑包含了集會空間、博物館管理辦公室、安全檔案研究室和支持組織鐵路游覽以及鐵路保護和修復活動的公共洗手間設施。這條鐵路由西雅圖、湖岸和東部鐵路公司于1890年建造，后來又重組為西雅圖國際鐵路。1901年，鐵路和車站被并入北太平洋鐵路。

作為西北鐵路博物館校園教育項目的擴展，檔案館將成為喀斯喀特山脈少數幾個以鐵路影響了西華盛頓州設立和發展的重點歷史資料庫之一。這些來自太平洋西北歷史重要時期的文物和歷史現在得到了保護，可供研究、游覽，還可以通過社區活動、培訓和私人預約進行學習。

The new Northwest Railway Museum Archives creates a cohesive look at people, culture and history through rail. The building provides an assembly space, museum administration offices, secure research archives and public restroom facilities that support the organization’s rail tours and railway conservation and restoration activities. The rail line was constructed by the Seattle, Lake Shore and Eastern Railway in 1890 and reorganized as the Seattle International Railway. By 1901 the railway and the depot were absorbed into the Northern Pacific Railway.
As an extension to the educational programming of the NW Railway Museum campus, the archives will be one of the few historical repositories in the Cascades possessing a collection focused on the influence of the railroad in the founding and growth of Western Washington. The collection of artifacts and history of this important period in Pacific Northwest history is now protected in this repository and available for research, tours, and learning through community events, training and private appointments.


西雅圖藝術博物館：奧林匹克雕塑公園

·設計師：WEISS/MANFREDI
·地點：美國，華盛頓州，西雅圖

Seattle Art Museum: Olympic Sculpture Park
By WEISS/MANFREDI, Seattle, WA, United States





奧林匹克雕塑公園是西雅圖的象征和地標。項目設想了一種新型城市雕塑公園模式，位于水邊的工業用地上。設計構造了一個大型藝術景觀，一個不間斷的Z形“綠色”平臺，從城市下降40英尺直至水面，充分利用了天際線和埃利奧特灣的景色，再上升至現有基礎設施之上，將城市核心重新連接到復興的海濱。

設計團隊WEISS/MANFREDI的解釋是，展覽館提供了藝術、表演和教育空間。步道從展館延伸到水邊，連接了西北部三個典型的新景觀點：濃郁的溫帶常綠森林、落葉森林和海岸花園。設計方案不僅將讓雕塑走出了博物館，還將公園本身融入了城市的景觀中。

Olympic Sculpture Park has become a symbol and landmark in Seattle. Envisioned as a new model for an urban sculpture park, the project is located on an industrial site at the water’s edge. The design creates a continuous constructed landscape for art, forms an uninterrupted Z-shaped “green” platform, and descends 40 feet from the city to the water, capitalizing on views of the skyline and Elliot Bay and rising over the existing infrastructure to reconnect the urban core to the revitalized waterfront.
As WEISS/MANFREDI explains, the exhibition pavilion provides space for art, performances and educational programming. From this pavilion, the pedestrian route descends to the water, linking three new archetypal landscapes of the northwest: a dense temperate evergreen forest, a deciduous forest and a shoreline garden. The design not only brings sculpture outside of the museum walls but brings the park itself into the landscape of the city.


派克市場廣場

·設計師：The Miller Hull Partnership
·地點：美國，華盛頓州，西雅圖

Pike Place MarketFront
By The Miller Hull Partnership, Seattle, WA, United States







派克市場是西雅圖城市肌理的支柱。設計團隊的愿景是通過現代主義的輕盈感、透明感來展示這座城市珍視的地標，同時打造一處宏大的公共集會空間。團隊從派克市場的簡單實用特性中找到了情境靈感，場地中原有的混凝土柱、橫梁結構，以及常見的重型木材元素也給予了啟發。

派克市場不僅僅是一個公共市場，這個轉變為歷史街區的社區是農民、工匠、小型企業和居民的家園，每個人都是該地區歷史和特色的組成部分。2017年完工的派克市場廣場迎合現在，也展望未來，充當著從市中心到海濱的門戶。如今，該項目作為一個關鍵的連接點，在10分鐘的步行距離內提供最基本的貿易和服務，并且交通情況極佳。

Pike Place Market has become a backbone of Seattle’s urban fabric. The design team’s vision was to open the city’s treasured landmark with grand public gathering space framed by a contemporary lightness and transparency. The team found contextual inspiration in the character of Pike Place Market’s simple utilitarian character, as well as in the concrete post and beam structures and heavy timber elements commonly found throughout the existing market.
More than just a public market, this neighborhood turned historic district is home to farmers, craftspeople, small businesses and residents, each an integral part of the area’s history and character. Completed in 2017, Pike Place Marketfront caters to the present, but looks to the future, acting as the gateway from the heart of downtown to the waterfront. Today, the project serves as a critical connection point where the most essential goods and services are available within a 10-minute walk and well-served by transit.


亞洲藝術博物館

·設計師：LMN建筑事務所
·地點：美國，華盛頓州，西雅圖

Asian Art Museum
By LMN Architects, Seattle, WA, United States





西雅圖亞洲藝術博物館的翻新和擴建旨在融入由奧姆斯特德設計的志愿者公園的景觀之中。設計方案代表了場地與博物館現代化的整合，并向1933年由Bebb和Gould設計的裝飾藝術派建筑致敬。一組臺階通向建筑西側的門廳入口。一進入大堂，公園盡收眼底。

翻新和新增的部分強調了富勒花園中庭作為博物館中心的歷史特性，既包含走廊通道，也包括向公園大堂的兩個新入口，讓人們把期待值拉滿。新大堂是通往項目空間的垂直連接點，主要由玻璃組成，給人一種空間漂浮在景觀中的印象。該項目尊重并保留了歷史建筑的遺產特征和公園的完整性。

The renovation and expansion of the Seattle Asian Art Museum was made to integrate into the Olmsted designed landscape of Volunteer Park. The design represents the integration of the building’s spectacular site with the museum’s mission for the 21st century, and in turn, respects the 1933 Bebb and Gould designed Art Deco building. A set of steps lead to the Art Deco lobby entrance on the west side of the building. Once inside, the Entry Lobby unfolds into the new Park Lobby.
The renovation and addition reaffirms the original character of the Fuller Garden Court as the central hub of the museum, which not only provides access to the gallery spaces, but also establishes a sense of expectation that is reinforced by the two new portals that open to the Park Lobby. The new lobby is the vertical connector to the program spaces and is composed mostly of glass, giving the impression that the space is floating in the landscape. The project honors and preserves the architectural legacy of the historic building and integrity of the park.


325 Westlake

·設計師：GRAHAM BABA建筑事務所
·地點：美國，華盛頓州，西雅圖

325 Westlake
By GRAHAM BABA ARCHITECTS, Seattle, WA, United States





325 Westlake是一個藝術驅動項目，位于正在快速發展的南湖聯盟社區，項目尊重周圍社區的歷史和規模，并歡迎新事物的到來。項目的開發動機是為MadArt提供一個基地，MadArt是一項以各種方式將新興藝術家與社區聯系在一起的藝術計劃。325為這棟近百年歷史的建筑注入了創新的生命力。

正如設計團隊所說，建筑面向Westlake大道的可操作玻璃落地窗立面反映了MadArt的主旨，即鼓勵藝術家和行人互動，并允許路人走進來體驗藝術創作過程。新增的遮陽篷提供防護，鼓勵人們逗留。原有的磚石和木結構通過鋼制力矩框架、新屋頂和系統升級解決了未來的使用問題。

325 Westlake is an art-driven project in the rapidly developing South Lake Union neighborhood that honors the historic character and scale of the surrounding neighborhood and welcomes that which is new. The impetus for the development was to offer a home for MadArt, an art initiative focused on connecting emerging artists with the community in unexpected ways. 325 injects an innovative new life into a nearly century-old building.
As the design team outlines, the Westlake Avenue façade reveals the MadArt mission by featuring the process of creating art with full-height operable glazing, encouraging interaction between artists and pedestrians, and allowing passers-by to step into the space and experience the art-making process. New awnings provide protection, encouraging people to linger. The existing masonry and wood structure addresses its future life with seismic upgrades including steel moment frames, new roof and upgraded systems.


奇胡利玻璃藝術館

·設計師：Owen Richards建筑事務所
·地點：美國，華盛頓州，西雅圖

Chihuly Garden and Glass
By Owen Richards Architects, Seattle, WA, United States





西雅圖本地的玻璃藝術家Dale Chihuly攜手西雅圖中心在太空針塔的基座里安放了一個玻璃裝置。它包括原有的拱廊建筑（現在是展覽廳）、雕塑花園和作為項目核心的玻璃房屋。Chihuly在這個空間里擺滿了他職業生涯早期的藝術品和新雕塑作品。

Chihuly玻璃藝術館的核心是玻璃房屋，Chihuly從小就非常喜歡溫室。設計靈感來自巴黎的圣禮拜堂和倫敦的水晶宮。玻璃房屋中的裝置是一件100英尺長的巨大雕塑。這是Chihuly最大的懸掛雕塑作品之一，由許多單獨的元素組合而成。

Glass artist and Seattle native Dale Chihuly joined with the Seattle Center to create a glass installation located at the base of the Space Needle in Seattle, Wash. It includes the existing arcade building, which is now the exhibition hall, a sculpture garden and a glass house as the centerpiece of the project. Chihuly populated the space with a combination of artworks from earlier in his career and new sculptures.
The centerpiece of Chihuly Garden and Glass is the Glasshouse — an expression of Chihuly’s lifelong appreciation for conservatories. The design draws inspiration from Sainte-Chapelle in Paris and the Crystal Palace in London. The installation in the Glasshouse is an expansive, 100-foot long sculpture. Made of many individual elements, it is one of Chihuly’s largest suspended sculptures.


伯克自然歷史與文化博物館

·設計師：Olson Kundig
·地點：美國，華盛頓州，西雅圖

Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture
By Olson Kundig, Seattle, WA, United States







作為華盛頓州最古老的公共博物館，伯克自然歷史和文化博物館擁有從圖騰、寶石到恐龍化石的超過1600萬件文物和標本。博物館的核心使命是幫助無論是館長、參觀者，還是教育工作者和學生在內的每個人與自然世界的復雜性建立起聯系。因為博物館的收藏性質，新增的建筑需要扮演一個中間的角色，隨著時間的推移提供靈活性。

大面積的玻璃使透明度最大化，公開向街道展示內部體驗，這樣一來，博物館、校園、景觀和城市儼然成為一體。設計進一步打破了傳統博物館中公共空間和“后臺”空間之間的障礙，將收藏和研究實驗室與傳統畫廊相整合，使參觀者和周邊社區能夠在真實的博物館工作中參與科研過程。外部的Kebony木材外墻和又高又窄的窗戶組成的序列對應著太平洋西北部的森林，就像雪松或冷杉一樣，博物館的蘇格蘭松木外墻將隨著時間的推移逐漸變成銀色。

As the oldest public museum in Washington State, the Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture has a collection of over 16 million artifacts and specimens, ranging from totem poles and gemstones to dinosaur fossils. At its core, the mission of the Burke is to help everyone — curators, visitors, educators and students — make a connection with the natural world in all its complexities. Because the Burke is a collecting museum, the new building needed to serve as a coherent container that would allow for flexibility over time.
Large areas of glazing maximize transparency and expose the interior experience to the street to connect the Burke to the campus, landscape and city. The design further breaks down traditional museum barriers between public and “back-of-house” spaces, integrating collections and research labs with traditional galleries and enabling visitors and the surrounding community to engage with the process of scientific discovery in a true working museum. The exterior Kebony siding and sequence of tall, narrow windows reference forests across the Pacific Northwest, and like cedar or fir, the Burke’s Scots pine siding will silver with age.



班布里奇島藝術博物館

·設計師：Coates 設計工作室
·地點：美國，華盛頓州，班布里奇島

Bainbridge Island Museum of Art
By Coates Design, Bainbridge Island, WA, United States







班布里奇島美術館（BIMA）是一座地標性建筑，當人們從西雅圖乘坐渡輪下船到達班布里奇島時便會看到它。建筑的弧線引導游客走向入口，而玻璃的大量使用則讓人們可以窺視博物館內的展品。它代表了社區對視覺藝術的承諾，具有環境適應性。

設計團隊讓BIMA配合周邊環境，成為社區機構的象征角色。隨著太陽繞著建筑移動，百葉窗會自動轉動，呼應太陽在天空中的位置和強度。百葉窗由一系列光傳感器控制開關。這讓自然光線過濾進建筑的同時卻不會損壞藝術品。BIMA外部的彎曲形態部分歸因于當地社區。

The Bainbridge Island Museum of Art (BIMA) is a landmark that greets visitors and locals upon disembarking the Bainbridge Island ferry boat from Seattle. The building’s curve beckons visitors toward the entrance and the generous use of glazing allows people to peer into the museum displays. It represents the community’s commitment to the visual arts, and it adapts to its environment.
The team designed BIMA to respond to its environment, embodying its symbolic role as a “living” community institution. As the sun moves around the building, louvers shift automatically, responding to the location and intensity of the sun in the sky. The louvers are controlled by a series of light sensors that trigger them to open and or close. This allows natural light to filter into the building without damaging the art. Outside, BIMA’s striking curved form is a design element attributed in part to the local community.


西雅圖水族館

·設計師：Mithun
·地點：美國，華盛頓州，西雅圖

Seattle Aquarium
By Mithun, Seattle, WA, United States





在西雅圖和普吉特海灣，隨處可見奇妙和探索的地方，它們與海洋有共同的聯系。位于歷史悠久的59號碼頭，這個復雜的租賃改善項目賦予了西雅圖水族館的教育使命生命力：“激發我們對海洋環境的保護”。這個擴建項目非常靈活，同時十分溫馨，為尋求體驗太平洋西北的游客提供了全年活動的場所。

在設計方面，一個具有視覺吸引的雙層高大廳用于白天展覽和晚間活動，由一個稱為“華盛頓水域之窗”的14萬加侖展覽區作為支點。該展覽由BIOS有限公司設計，展示來自西北海岸的本地水生物種類。與此同時，新增的空間具備自然通風、采光等優點，設有增加靈活性的高架地板。

Places of wonder and discovery can be found throughout Seattle and the Puget Sound, and they share a common connection to the ocean. Located in historic Pier 59, this complex tenant improvement brings the Seattle Aquarium’s educational mission to life: “Inspiring conservation of our marine environment.” Made to be flexible and welcoming, the expansion provides a prominent, year round setting for visitors and events seeking a quintessential Pacific Northwest experience.
For the design, a dramatic double-height Great Hall for daytime exhibits and evening events is anchored by a 140,000 gallon exhibit called Window on Washington Waters. Designed by BIOS, LLC, the exhibit highlights native aquatic species from the Northwest coast. At the same time, the new space features natural ventilation, daylight harvesting and a raised access floor for program flexibility.